A study involving 486 older adults in Tochigi Prefecture aimed to explore the link between participation frequency in a long-term care prevention program and frailty and locomotive syndrome (LS), with a focus on sex differences. Participants were divided into low, medium, and high participation groups. Frailty was measured using the Questionnaire for Medical Checkup of Old-Old (QMCOO), while LS was assessed with the Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale (GLFS-5). Results revealed that 29% of participants were classified as frail, and 32.9% met LS criteria. Significant differences in frailty prevalence and LS scores were found among men across the participation groups, while no significant differences were observed among women. The analysis indicated that higher participation was linked to lower frailty rates in men. The study highlights the need for promoting social participation among men and maintaining it among women, suggesting tailored approaches based on sex within community programs.