Since President Donald J. Trump took office, the U.S. federal administration has implemented various measures that weaken public health infrastructure and agencies, potentially affecting population health. The impact of “non-health” policies, such as those related to environmental regulation, food assistance, housing, immigration, and economic policy, is also significant. These policies, driven by a deregulatory agenda, include rollbacks of environmental protections and cuts to nutrition assistance programs, which pose a threat to the systems supporting population health. The analysis highlights how these changes could exacerbate health disparities and reverse progress made in addressing the underlying causes of poor health. It emphasizes the need to consider how the overall policy environment influences the living and working conditions that shape health outcomes, rather than focusing solely on traditional health sector policies. Understanding these broader impacts is essential for evaluating contemporary threats to population health.