Fatherhood programs are increasingly seen as effective in preventing violence against women and children (VAWC). However, there is a lack of synthesis across programs to identify the key components that facilitate this change. A study analyzed two evidence-based programs, Bandebereho and REAL (Responsible, Engaged, and Loving) Fathers, to uncover shared principles that can inform broader implementation. The analysis involved a rapid review of existing programs, focusing on those that engage fathers and have shown positive outcomes in violence reduction.

Over 18 months, researchers conducted a comprehensive review of program documentation and engaged in discussions to identify key elements. They developed a Theory of Change (TOC) that illustrates the principles, stakeholders, training, components, and catalysts for change leading to positive outcomes. The TOC revealed that despite being developed in different contexts, both programs shared significant components and pathways to impact.

This framework provides insights into how fatherhood programs can effectively reduce VAWC and serves as a basis for future research and program development. Further testing in diverse settings is necessary to evaluate the broader applicability of these findings.