Child illness is a major public health issue in low- and middle-income countries, including Bangladesh, influenced by various factors beyond just biomedical causes. A qualitative study conducted in rural and urban areas of Bangladesh involved 23 in-depth interviews with caregivers, grandmothers, and healthcare providers, as well as a group discussion with community representatives.

The study identified four main categories contributing to child illness. Individual factors included maternal health issues, forgetfulness, and lack of knowledge that led to missed vaccinations and poor hygiene practices. Socio-cultural factors encompassed beliefs in the supernatural, power dynamics within households, domestic violence, and cultural practices such as early marriage and dowry. Economic factors were linked to irregular income, rising food prices, and the promotion of unhealthy products. Environmental factors included inadequate housing conditions, poor waste management, exposure to heat waves, urban air pollution, and contaminated water, contributing to respiratory and waterborne diseases.

The study highlights the complexity of child illness and suggests that effective interventions should focus on education for caregivers, empowerment of mothers, economic support, and improvements to household environments.