Globalized supply chains complicate the regulation of hazardous chemicals, particularly phthalates, which are known for their reproductive and developmental toxicity. The European Union (EU) has implemented policies to limit phthalate use, but vulnerable populations, such as children and pregnant women, continue to be exposed to restricted phthalates. A review of the EU’s regulatory framework focused on 19 major phthalates and two substitutes, assessing their use and bans across various products, including food contact materials, toys, cosmetics, and medical devices.

The European Chemical Agency (ECHA) oversees the regulation of these chemicals primarily through the REACH regulation. Most analyzed phthalates face stringent restrictions in food contact materials, while those toxic to reproduction are limited in toys and childcare items at concentrations above 0.1% by weight. They are banned in cosmetics and face restrictions in medical devices.

Although the EU has made significant progress in reducing phthalate exposure and protecting infants, there are still gaps in regulation, as everyday items may pose risks. Continued regulatory updates and international collaboration are necessary to enhance safety in cross-border trade and further safeguard public health.