Filicide is the act of a parent killing their child, a definition that varies across literature without clear consensus on its characterization and contributing factors. A systematic review was conducted to organize existing data and analyze elements that distinguish the features and circumstances of these homicides. Following PRISMA criteria, the review profiles offenders and examines factors such as mental illness, domestic violence, and attachment issues. Female perpetrators are often younger and linked to unwanted pregnancies or lack of support, while male perpetrators are more likely to commit filicide due to jealousy or conflict. Common methods include suffocation, neglect, and physical violence. Cultural and gender stereotypes significantly influence media portrayals and legal outcomes, with evidence indicating that women typically face lesser convictions or penalties. Filicide-suicide incidents are often connected to mental health issues and partner conflicts, but the review notes the limited and varied nature of studies in this area, which complicates generalizations. The review calls for more balanced, cross-cultural, and gender-inclusive research to better understand filicide.