The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted social and economic conditions, which may have contributed to an increase in intimate partner violence (IPV). A study examined how social isolation and financial hardship during the pandemic affected IPV perpetration, using data from 1,195 U.S. participants, including 54 who reported committing physical IPV. The study employed multivariable logistic regression to analyze the relationships between these factors and the likelihood of IPV. Results indicated that higher levels of social isolation correlated with a 118% increase in the odds of IPV perpetration, while financial hardship was associated with a 167% increase. Additionally, negative emotional affect, especially anger, mediated these relationships. The findings support General Strain Theory as a framework for understanding the link between the pandemic’s social and economic stressors and IPV. The study suggests that addressing social, economic, and mental health needs is crucial for preventing IPV, particularly in the aftermath of societal crises.