A study published in “Scientific Reports” examined the link between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents, focusing on the roles of resilience and sleep quality. The research, conducted between April and June 2024, involved 3,258 participants from 11 schools in Chaohu City, China. Findings revealed that 30.1% of the children and adolescents exhibited depressive symptoms. Key independent factors associated with these symptoms included being female, total ACEs score, resilience levels, and poor sleep quality. Specific types of ACEs, such as emotional and physical abuse, emotional and physical neglect, and exposure to domestic violence, were also identified as risk factors. The study demonstrated that resilience and sleep quality serve as chain mediators between ACEs and depressive symptoms, highlighting the importance of these factors in addressing mental health issues. The researchers emphasized the need for targeted interventions to support affected children and adolescents, addressing the complex relationship between ACEs, resilience, sleep quality, and depressive symptoms.