Food insecurity (FI) significantly impacts women in south-central Chile, especially among migrants. A study involving 2,124 women of childbearing age found that 39.2% experienced some level of FI, with 49% of immigrant women affected compared to 29% of Chilean women. Severe FI was reported in 18.1% of immigrants, double the rate of 9.2% among Chileans. Key risk factors identified include immigrant status, low socioeconomic status, having children, being the head of the household, unemployment, and depression. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that immigrant status alone increased the likelihood of experiencing FI by 2.61 times. While similar determinants were noted in both groups, unemployment was a more significant factor for immigrants, and age served as a protective factor for Chileans. The findings highlight the urgent need for policies addressing gender and migration perspectives, focusing on improving access to food, employment opportunities, childcare, and mental health resources to reduce FI among vulnerable populations.