A cluster-randomized controlled trial assessed the impact of participatory learning and action (PLA) programs on maternal and child health in rural Bihar, India. From 2015 to 2016, a large-scale PLA intervention was implemented in women’s self-help groups, facilitated by trained staff. The study involved 68 village clusters and surveyed 1,612 pregnant women to evaluate changes in beliefs, knowledge, and practices related to pregnancy and childcare.

Results showed no significant effects across 50 measured outcomes. The PLA intervention did not improve beliefs about newborn feeding, knowledge of malaria, childcare practices, or the quality of antenatal care. Participation in the PLA meetings was low, with less than one percent of women attending at least one session.

The findings suggest that while PLA interventions have potential, they must address specific barriers that pregnant women face to encourage participation. The study highlights the need for tailored approaches within existing community programs to enhance maternal and child health outcomes effectively.