Climate change disproportionately affects women in Latin American countries due to ongoing disparities in education, land ownership, and access to information services. These inequities increase health, welfare, and livelihood risks for rural women. An exploratory review analyzed 36 documents published between 2010 and 2022, highlighting the relationship between climate change and food security from a gender perspective. The study found that extreme weather events like droughts, floods, rising temperatures, and landslides lead to food supply shortages. Persistent gaps in health care, resource accessibility, security, and human rights continue to exacerbate social vulnerability, complicating the impact of climate change and the pandemic. Vulnerable groups, including indigenous and Afro-descendant women, older women, LGBTIQ+ individuals, and women with disabilities, are particularly affected, especially those in rural or conflict-affected areas. The findings emphasize that climate change is not gender-neutral and indicate a significant gap in implementing gender-sensitive climate adaptation policies.