VA emphasizes the importance of informed decision-making regarding prostate cancer screening for Veterans. Screening involves a blood test that measures prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels; elevated levels may indicate prostate cancer but can also result from other conditions. Veterans are encouraged to consult their health care providers to assess whether screening is appropriate for them.

Key considerations include understanding personal risk factors such as family history, exposure to toxins, being a Black male Veteran, or having specific genetic variants. VA recommends that men aged 55-69 discuss their individual risk before deciding on screening, while routine screening is not advised for average-risk men over 70 due to the potential harms outweighing benefits.

Potential benefits of screening include a slight reduction in prostate cancer mortality. However, risks may involve unnecessary biopsies, false positives, overtreatment, and complications like incontinence or erectile dysfunction. Veterans are encouraged to express their values and preferences regarding screening, particularly concerning the implications of treatment outcomes.

In summary, open discussions with healthcare providers can help Veterans make personalized decisions about prostate cancer screening based on their risks, benefits, and values.